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Tore Persson om Fritt forum

Livsmedelsverket slirar på fettet

Publicerad: 2009-03-28 02:03, Uppdaterad: 2011-11-02 18:11

Nu är tid att sluta tramsa runt och villa bort begreppen. Påståendet att mättade fetter; smör och standardmjölk, inte kan serveras till barn och unga, saknar saklig grund. Påståendet att smör och grädde, som är synnerligen väl beprövade livsmedel, hos barn skulle kunna leda till urspårade blodfetter och ökad risk för hjärt- kärlsjukdom, är tossig! Många har adresserat ansvariga myndigheter och staliga verk med enkla, seriösa och allvarligt menade frågor om just denna sak. Inte vid något tillfälle har något som helst med substans kommit ut ur dessa framstötar. Så; Ulf Bohman! Du ville ha en saklig kostdebatt. Tala nu - eller tig!

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Betr. Huruvida Keys' alt ngn av hans stödtruppers (Hegsted, Hu FB, Miettinen, Turpeinen, Mensink RP, Katan MB, Zock) tossigheter ännu idag används som stöd för SLVs kostråd (vilket U Ravnskov hävdar) eller inte används som stöd för SLVs kostråd (vilket W Becker hävdar).

Frågan är således om SLV över huvud refererar till studier av Keys; direkt eller indirekt. Vilket SLV gör. Här följer en icke komplett lista.

Ur SLVs lista över 72 studier som stöder hypotesen att smör och grädde leder till hjärt- kälsjukdom och cancer. Jag gick igenom ett 60-tal av de 72 studierna. Detta är vad jag fann. Ingenting annat. Döm själva. Mycket nöje!

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Almendingen et al.

Effects of pa fish oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, and butter on serum lipoproteins and Lp[a] in men.

Referenser:

Keys A, J. T. Anderson, and F. Grande. 1957. Prediction of serum-cholesterol responses of man to changes in fats in the diet. Lancet. 2: 959-966.

Hegsted, D. M. 1986. Serum-cholesterol response to dietary cholesterol: a re-evaluation. Am. J Clin. Nut% 44: 299-305.

- - -

Boniface et al.

Dietary fats and 16-year coronary heart disease mortality in a cohort of men and women in Great Britain.

Referenser:

Keys A (1980): Seven Countries: a Multivariate Analysis of Death and Coronary Heart Disease.

Hegsted DM, McGandy RB, Myers ML & Stare FJ (1965): Quantitative effects of dietary fat on serum cholesterol in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 17, 281 - 295.

Miettinen M, Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Elusuo R & Paavilainen E (1972): Effect of cholesterol-lowering diet on mortality from coronary heart-disease and other causes. Lancet ii, 835 - 838.

- - -

Denke et al.

Individual cholesterol variation in response to a margarine- or butter-based diet: A study in families.

Referenser:

Keys A, Anderson JT, Grande F. Prediction of serumcholesterol responses of man to changes in fats in the diet. Lancet. 1957;2:959-966.

Hegsted DM, McGandy RB, Myers ML, Stare FJ. Quantitative effects of dietary fat on serum cholesterol in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1965;17:281-295.

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Erkkilä et al.

Dietary fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: An epidemiological approach

Referenser:

Keys A, Anderson JT, Grande F. Prediction of serum-cholesterol responses of man to changes in fats in the diet. Lancet 1957;273:959-66.

Anderson JT, Grande F, Keys A. Hydrogenated fats in the diet and lipids in the serum of man. J Nutr 1961;75:388-94.

Keys A. Mediterranean diet and public health: personal reflections. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:1321S-3S.

Keys A. Seven countries: A multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 1980.

Keys A, Anderson JT, Grande F. Serum-cholesterol response to changes in the diet. Metabolism 1965;14:747-58.

Keys A. Prediction and possible prevention of coronary disease. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1953;43:1399-407.

Keys A, Keys M. Eat well, stay well. New York: Doubleday and Company; 1959. p. 1-359.

Keys A, Menotti A, Karvonen MJ, Aravanis C, Blackburn H, Buzina R, et al. The diet and 15-year death rate in the Seven Countries Study. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:903-15.

Miettinen M, Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Elosuo R, Paavilainen E. Effect of cholesterol-lowering diet on mortality from coronary heartdisease and other causes. A twelve-year clinical trial in men and women. Lancet 1972;2:835-8.

Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Miettinen M, Elosuo R, Paavilainen E. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: The Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol 1979;8:99-118.

Miettinen M, Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Paavilainen E, Elosuo R. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease in women: The Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol 1983;12:17-25.

- - -

Hu et al.

Dietary saturated fats and their food sources in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease in women.

Referenser:

Keys A. Seven countries: a multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980.

Keys A, Parlin RW. Serum cholesterol response to changes in dietary lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 1966;19:175-81.

Hegsted DM, McGandy RB, Myers ML, Stare FJ. Quantitative effects of dietary fat on serum cholesterol in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1965;17:281-95.

Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Miettinen M, Elosuo R, Paavilainen E. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: The Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol 1979;8:99-118.

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Kabagambe et al.

Individual saturated fatty acids and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction in Costa Rica.

Referenser:

Keys A & Parlin RW (1966): Serum cholesterol response to changes in dietary lipids. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 19, 175-181.

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Obarzanek et al.

Effects on blood lipids of a blood pressure-lowering diet: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial.

Referenser:

Keys A, Anderson JT, Grande F. Serum cholesterol response to changes in the diet. I. Iodine value of dietary fat versus 2S-P. Metabolism 1965;14:747-58.

Keys A, Anderson JT, Grande F. Serum cholesterol response to changes in the diet. III. Differences among individuals. Metabolism 1965;14:766-75.

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Rasmussen et al.

Effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and n3 fatty acids on blood pressure in healthy subjects.

Referenser:

Keys AB. Seven countries: a multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980.

- - -

Xu et al.

Dietary fat intake and risk of coronary heart disease: the Strong Heart Study.

Referenser:

Keys A, Menotti A, Karvonen MJ, et al. The diet and 15-year death rate in the Seven Countries Study. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:903-15.

Jacobs DR Jr, Anderson JT, Hannan P, Keys A, Blackburn H. Variability in individual serum cholesterol response to change in diet. Arteriosclerosis 1983;3:349 -56.

Oh K, Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Dietary fat intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women: 20 years of follow-up of the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2005;161:672-9.

Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1491-9.

Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Rimm E, et al. Dietary fat and coronary heart disease: a comparison of approaches for adjusting for total energy intake and modeling repeated dietary measurements. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 149:531- 40.

- - -

Zock et al.

Butter, margarine and serum lipoproteins.

Referenser:

Keys A, Kimura N, Kusukawa A, Yoshitomi M. Serum cholesterol in Japanese coal miners. A dietary experiment. Am J Clin Nutr 1957;5:245.

Anderson JT, Grande F, Keys A. Hydrogenated fats in the diet and lipids in the serum of man. J Nutr 1961;75:388.

Keys A, Anderson JT, Grande F. Serum cholesterol response to changes in the diet. II. The effect of cholesterol in the diet. Metabolism 1965;14:759.

Hegsted DM. Serum-cholesterol response to dietary cholesterol: a re-evaluation. Am J Clin Nutr 1986;44:299.

Hegsted DM, Ausman LM, Johnson JA, Dallal GE. Dietary fat and serum lipids-an evaluation of the experimental data. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:875.

Mensink RP, Katan MB. Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 27 trials. Arterioscler Thromb 1992;12:911.

Katan MB, Berns MAM, Glatz JFC, Knuiman JT, Nobels A, Vries JHM. Congruence of individual responsiveness to dietary cholesterol and to saturated fat in humans. J Lipid Res 1988;29:883.

Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Miettinen M, Elosuo R, Paavilainen E. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: the Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol 1979;8:99.

Miettinen M, Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Paavilainen E, Elosuo R. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease in women: the Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol 1983;12:17.

- - -

Hu FB, Manson JE, Willett WC.

Types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a critical review.

Referenser:

Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Miettinen M, Elosuo R, Paavilainen E: Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: The Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol 8:99-118, 1979.

- - -

Mensink RP, Zock PL, Kester AD, Katan MB.

Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials.

Referenser:

Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Miettinen M, Elosuo R, Paavilainen E. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: the Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol 1979;8:99-118.

Miettinen M, Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Paavilainen E, Elosuo R. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease in women: the Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol 1983;12:17-25.

- - -

Hooper et al.

Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease.

Referenser:

Ederer F, Leren P, Turpeinen O, Frantz IDJr. Cancer among men on cholesterol lowering diets: experience of five clinical trials. Lancet 1971;2:203-6.

Miettinen M, Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Elosuo R, Paavilainen E. Effect of cholesterol-lowering diet on mortality from coronary heart-disease and other causes. A twelve-year clinical trial inmen and women. Lancet 1972;2(782):835-8.

Miettinen M, Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Paavilainen E, Elosuo R. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease in women: the Finnish mental hospital study. Int.J.Epidemiol 1983;12 (1):17-25.

Turpeinen O, Miettinen M, Karvonen M, Roine P, Pekkarinen M, Lehtosuo EJ, Alivirta P. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: long-term experiment. I.Observations onmale. Am.J.Clin.Nutr 1968;21(4):255-76.

Turpeinen O, Roine P, Pekkarinen M, Karvonen MJ, Rautanen Y, Runeberg J, Alivirta P. Effect on serum-cholesterol level of replacement of dietary milk fat by soybean oil. Lancet 1960;1:196-8.

- - -

Judd et al.

Effects of margarine compared with those of butter on blood lipid profiles related to cardiovascular disease risk factors in normolipemic adults fed controlled diets.

Referenser:

Hegsted DM, Ausman LM, Johnson JA, Dallal GE. Dietary fat and serum lipids: an evaluation of the experimental data. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:875-83.

- - -

Laaksonen et al.

Prediction of Cardiovascular Mortality in Middle-aged Men by Dietary and Serum Linoleic and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.

A few prospective cohort studies have indicated that increased polyunsaturated fat intake, a higher polyunsaturatedsaturated fat ratio, or Keys score may decrease incident CHD or overall mortality.

Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1491-1499.

Hu FB, Manson JE, Willett WC. Types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a critical review. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20:5-19.

Hu FB, Willett WC. Optimal diets for prevention of coronary heart disease. JAMA. 2002;288:2569-2578.

Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease among women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69: 890-897.

Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Miettinen M, Elosuo R, Paavilainen E. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: the Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol. 1979;8:99-118.

- - -

Lichtenstein et al.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF DIETARY HYDROGENATED FATS ON SERUM LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL LEVELS.

Referenser:

Hegsted DM, Ausman LM, Johnson JA, Dallal GE. Dietary fat and serum lipids: an evaluation of the experimental data. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 57:875-83. [Erratum, Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:245.]

- - -

Marshall et al.

Dietary Fat and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes.

The association between saturated fat and diabetes risk seen in HPFS was not seen in the NHS. While the Iowa Women's Health Study did have a suggestion that the relative amounts of saturated fat versus polyunsaturated fat (as represented by the Keys score) were associated with diabetes risk, saturated fat alone was not.

Hu FB, van Dam RM, Liu S: Diet and risk of Type II diabetes: the role of types of fat and carbohydrate. Diabetologia 44:805-817, 2001

- - -

Mensink et al.

Lifestyle Intervention According to General Recommendations Improves Glucose Tolerance.

Referenser:

Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, et al. Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. N Engl J Med. 2001;11:790-7.

- - -

Mensink et al.

Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:1146-55.

Referenser:

Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Miettinen M, Elosuo R, Paavilainen E. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: the Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol 1979;8:99-118.

Miettinen M, Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Paavilainen E, Elosuo R. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease in women: the Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol 1983;12:17-25.

- - -

Prentice et al.

Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial

Referenser:

Fung TT, Hu FB, Holmes MD, et al. Dietary patterns and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2005;116:116-121.

- - -

Sacks et al.

Randomized clinical trials on the effects of dietary fat and carbohydrate on plasma lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease.

Referenser:

Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Miettinen M, Elosuo R, Paavilainen E. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: the Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol. 1979;8:99-118.

- - -

Trichopoulo et al.

Low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet and long-term survival in a general population cohort.

Referenser:

McCullough M, Feskanich D, Stampfer M, Giovanucci EL, Rimm EB, Hu FB et al. (2002). Diet quality and major chronic disease risk in men and women: moving toward improved dietary guidance. Am J Clin Nutr 76, 1261-1271.

- - -

Tucker et al.

The Combination of High Fruit and Vegetable and Low Saturated Fat Intakes Is More Protective against Mortality in Aging Men than Is Either Alone: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Referenser:

Joshipura, K. J., Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Rimm, E. B., Speizer, F. E., Colditz, G., Ascherio, A., Rosner, B., Spiegelman, D. & Willett, W. C. (2001) The effect of fruit and vegetable intake on risk for coronary heart disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 134: 1106-1114.

Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., Hu, F. B., Sampson, L., Colditz, G. A., Manson, J. E., Hennekens, C. & Stampfer, M. J. (1998) Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 279: 359-364.

Hu, F. B., Rimm, E. B., Stampfer, M. J., Ascherio, A., Spiegelman, D. & Willett, W. C. (2000) Prospective study of major dietary patterns and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72: 912-921.

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